Financial Analysis Assignment on Ratio Analysis Virgin Media - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1516 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? The company formerly known as NTL Group Limited is a cable and telecommunication firm. It was established in 1996 from the acquisition of National Tran communications limited by international cable tel. It conduct business from its registered head office which is located i London, United Kingdom. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Financial Analysis Assignment on Ratio Analysis Virgin Media" essay for you Create order The company telecommunications services include a national digital telecoms network end to end residential and business telecommunication, internet services, mobile radio communication, visual communications, internet services, internet satellite links and turnkey systems. The company holds several cable TV franchises for Dublin, Galway and Waterford, and all of Northern Ireland. In addition the company holds MMDS franchises for mobile telecommunication covering counties Dublin, Galway, Waterford and Mayo. The company has home businesses such as NTL UK and Ireland cable networks, ITV/C4 transmission network, and NTL Business UK and Ireland. Further the company has international business in Australia, Switzerland, France and Singapore. Background Virgin Media Inc. is an UK based media and communications company. The company is a residential broadband and mobile virtual network operator and also engaged in providing a pay television and fixed-line telephone services in the UK. Virgin Media conducts its business operations through three reportable segments, namely, Cable, Mobile and Content. The company is head quartered at New York, the US. In April 2009, sit-up Ltd., UKs most innovative home shopping retailer and a subsidiary of Virgin Media was acquired by Munich-based industrial holding named AURELIUS AG. Wondering who we are? Well, were the first people in the UK to offer you TV, Broadband, Phone and Mobile all from one place. The future is bursting with fresh entertainment and communication possibilities. Thats why were here to bring all the excitement to you and make your digital place the brilliant place it should be. Suddenly, everythings coming together, and were the first people to provide you with a unique combina tion of: TV that puts you in control Superfast and reliable broadband Phone packages that fit around you Mobile service that gives you just what you want Whatever you choose with Virgin Media, were aiming to make the whole experience as effortless as the award-winning service our Virgin Mobile customers have enjoyed for years. RATIO ANALYSIS Financial statement analysis is a judgmental process. One of the primary objectives is identification of major changes in trends, and relationships and the investigation of the reasons underlying those changes. The judgment process can be improved by experience and the use of analytical tools. Probably the most widely used financial analysis technique is ratio analysis, the analysis of relationships between two or more line items on the financial statement. Financial ratios are usually expressed in percentage or times. Generally, financial ratios are calculated for the purpose of evaluating aspects of a companys operations and fall into the following categories: Liquidity ratios measure a firms ability to meet its current obligations. Profitability ratios measure managements ability to control expenses and to earn a return on the resources committed to the business. Leverage ratios measure the degree of protection of suppliers of long-term funds and can also aid in judging a firms ability to raise additional debt and its capacity to pay its liabilities on time. LIQUIDITY RATIOS Working Capital: Working capital compares current assets to current liabilities, and serves as the liquid reserve available to satisfy contingencies and uncertainties. A high working capital balance is mandated if the entity is unable to borrow on short notice. The ratio indicates the short-term solvency of a business and in determining if a firm can pay its current liabilities when due. Current Assets Current Liabilities Acid Test or Quick Ratio: A measurement of the liquidity position of the business. The quick ratio compares the cash plus cash equivalents and accounts receivable to the current liabilities. The primary difference between the current ratio and the quick ratio is the quick ratio does not include inventory and prepaid expenses in the calculation. Consequently, a businesss quick ratio will be lower than its current ratio. It is a stringent test of liquidity. Securities + Cash + Marketable Accounts Receivable Current Liabilities Current Ratio: Provides an indication of the liquidity of the business by comparing the amount of current Assets to current liabilities. A businesss current assets generally consist of cash, marketable securities, accounts receivable, and inventories. Current liabilities include accounts payable, current maturities of long-term debt, accrued income taxes, and other accrued expenses that are due within one year. Current Assets Current Liabilities PROFITABILITY RATIOS This ratio reflects the overall profitability of the business. It is calculated by comparing the profit earned and the capital employed to earn it. Return on Capital Employed = Profit before Interest, Tax and dividend *100 Capital Employed Return on shareholders funds This ratio reveals how profitably the proprietors funds have been utilized by the firm. Net profit after interest tax Total shareholders funds Net profit ratio This ratio shows the relationship between net profit and sales. Net Profit Ratio = Net Profit * 100 Net Sales Earnings per Share This ratio measures the profit available to the equity shareholders on a per share basis. All profits left after payment of tax and preference dividend are available to equity shareholders. EPS = Net Profit Dividend on Preference Shares No of equity shares Dividend per Share DPS is the dividend distributed to equity shareholders divided by the no. of equity shares. DPS = Dividend paid to Equity Shareholder No. of Equity Shares Earnings and Dividend Yield This ratio is closely related to EPS and DPS. While the EPS and DPS are calculated on the basis of the book value of shares, this ratio is calculated on the basis of the market value of shares. Earnings Yield = EPS * 100 Market value per share Dividend Yield = DPS * 100 Market value per share Price Earnings Ratio It is computed by dividing the market price of a share by the EPS. PE Ratio = Market Price of the share EPS SOLVENCY RATIOS Debt Equity Ratio This ratio explains the relationship between the long term debts and share holders funds. Debt Equity Ratio = Debt Equity Debt to Total Fund Ratio This ratio is a variation of the Debt Equity Ratio and gives the same indication as the debt equity ratio. In this ratio, debt is expressed in relation to total funds. Debt Total Funds Ratio = Debt Equity + Debt EFFICIENCY RATIOS Sales to Working Capital (Net Working Capital Turnover) Indicates the turnover in working capital per year. A low ratio indicates inefficiency, while a high level implies that the companys working capital is working too hard. Net Sales Average Working Capital Financial Statement: Profit and Loss A/c: Particular 2008( millions) 2009( millions) Turnover 3776.8 3663.9 Operating Profit -271.8 132 Net interest -473.3 -448.9 Profit Before Tax -860.2 -352.8 Profit after Tax -853.4 350.3 Balance Sheet: Particular 2008( millions) 2009( millions) Intangible Assets 2592.6 2283.7 Tangible Assets 5342.1 5045.8 Fixed Investment 353.5 359.9 Total Fixed Assets 8877.8 8087.5 Cash at Bank or in Hand 181.6 430.5 Total Assets 9933.3 9190.5 Creditor Amount 1475.1 1352.2 Creditor Amount after 1 year 192.7 288.8 Total Liability 7917.1 7698.7 Net Assets 2016.2 1491.3 Ratio of Virgin Media: Items 2009 2008 Current Ratio 1.23 1.42 Liquidity Ratio 1.23 1.42 Shareholder liquidity ratio -0.53 0.67 Solvency Ratio 18.63 -41.68 Assets Cover 4.11 1.31 Gearing (%) 361.03 n.s Return on Capital Employed 130.88 -40.30 Return on Total Assets 60.67 -14.92 Ratio Analysis of Virgin Media: In the analysis I got the ratios from profit and loss, balance sheet. There has different ratios like current ratio, liquidity ratio, shareholder liquidity ratio, solvency ratio, assets cover, Gearing Ratio, return on capital employed, return on total assets. So the analyses of this ratio are as follows: In the current ratio the ratio in 2008 is 1.42 whereas in the year 2009 ratio is 1.23. So its slightly decrease from 2008. In the liquidity ratio also it has the same position in both the year. Like as the current ratio. With 1.42 in 2008 and 1.23 in 2009 In shareholder liquidity ratio, in 2008 it has 0.67 and in 2009 it has negative position as -0.53. So, it has also decrease from 2008. In Solvency ratio, in the year 2008 the ratio is -41.68 and in 2009 it has 18.63. So we can say that it has increase as comparison to 2008. In Assets covering ratio, in the year 2008 1.31 value and in 2009 it has 4.11 values. And it is also good for the company. In the return on capital employed, in the year 2008 value is -40.30 has negative value. And in 2009 it has 130.88. It is also good for the company. In the return on total assets, ratio in the year of 2008 has -14.92 which is not good for company. But in the year 2009 it has good value as comparison to 2008 and got 60.67 values. Conclusion: Provide key company information for business intelligence needs The company strengths and weakness and area of development or decline are analyzed. The opportunity open to the company are considered and its growth potential assessed. Competitive or technological threats are highlighted. The report contains critical company information business structure and operations, the company history, major products and services, key competitors, key employees and executive biographies, different locations and important subsidiaries. The report provides detailed financial ratio for the past years as well as interim ratio for the last four quarters. Financial ratio includes profitability, margins and return, liquidity and leverage, financial position and efficiency ratio.

The Media s Influence On Women - 1659 Words

In western culture your image seems to be the most important. From watching models strut down a catwalk to music videos, we are constantly reminded of how we should look. Not only does our appearance matter, but our behavior as well. Women on television are constantly fighting, backstabbing, and being obnoxious in attempts to be recognized in the celebrity world. The media is the leading outlet to the people of the world. It affects everybody whether you want to believe it or not. Body dissatisfaction is defined as â€Å"a negative subjective evaluation of the weight and shape of one’s own body†. (Eating Disorders). Body dissatisfaction is very common in women, but more in young girls. The media portrays women as a prize or an object, making our youth feel they have to look a certain way to be accepted or liked. The media today needs to stop objectifying women and start promoting positive self-image. In the 1950s around the time Marilyn Monroe was living, models were cu rvier. Everyone desired Marilyn Monroe’s hourglass figure, but now the hourglass figure is no longer in. The 20th century fashion world is obsessed with the idea of being thin. Models are dying because they are trying to reach that â€Å"perfection† that the fashion industry wants them to be. Self-starvation to achieve a thin physique has resulted in the common occurrence of anorexia nervosa within the model world. Anorexia nervosa has affected well-known models such as Isabelle Caro, Ana Carolina Reston, and LuiselShow MoreRelatedMedia s Influence On Women Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesMedia enforces the social-cultural standards, which women are required to follow in order to look and behave in a manner that society considers acceptable. Newspapers, commercials, posters, magazines, fliers, reality shows, and cartoons only name a few of our everyday interaction with the media (Scholar, C.2011). However, these standards presented by media send a false perception of women, thus portraying women in a negative and disrespectful manner. Society views woman as mentally, morally, andRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Women1729 Words   |  7 PagesThe way the media portrays the female gender is far from realistic, and consequently, the pressure to put your ‘best’ self forward has never been more prevalent. Each time I see a model on the cover of a magazine, or even a slightly altered photo, I find myself making comparisons. Unfortunately, even knowing that most cover images are digitally altered, the question of how my own body measures up still haunts me. Since the average American female will collect over 250,000 persuasive media messages byRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Women Essay810 Words   |  4 PagesThose media with tendentious views always lead to people deepen misconceptions. The media prefer to use hyper-sexualized images to sell products, ideas, and services keep people’s eyes. In fact, using hyper-sexualized ima ges to sell products, ideas, and services is just good for enterprise, but it will change people’s idea, and keep women in an unfair state. In addition, the media catch people’s mentality, which are people are more interested in what did not know before, or they do not have. ForRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Women1909 Words   |  8 Pagesdifferent societal views. In America, famous, wealthy women exposed their pregnancy to the whole world. Most celebrities do this through the use of media. The way media revealed child bearing is through nude photos of pregnant celebrities: mothers covering their breasts with one hand, while placing, or holding their baby bump with their other hand. Although many portrayed this act as innocent and beautiful, others claim it is immoral and wrong, believing women should reveal their pregnancy with respect toRead MoreMedia Influence On Women s Body Image1688 Words   |  7 Pagesthe female sex, especially through media. â€Å"Americ ans spend about 68 hours per week exposed to various forms of media† (US Census Bureau 2009). This media exposure through outlets such as t.v., radio, music videos, movies, and the internet, all influence the way people think about gender. The media influence is very evident in the way people view women and think about women in different cultures. Media influence on women creates negative viewpoints with how women view themselves and even how men viewRead MoreMedia s Influence On Beauty Standards Of Women1213 Words   |  5 PagesMedia’s Influence on Beauty Standards of Women There are several types of social standards that are held in the world today. Among those standards are the beauty standards of how women should look. This is one of the most talked about topic of discussions today. It is safe to say that the media is the reason to blame for these undocumented sets of beauty standards that women should abide by because of the types of women that are portrayed through the media. The unrealistic beauty standards the mediaRead MoreSocial Media s Influence On Women1249 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout history women specifically have felt the need to change their physical appearance in order to be accepted by societies beauty ideal. Social media has influenced women to believe that the word â€Å"beauty† defines the outward appearance according to the internets definition — â€Å"beauty is a combination of qualities, such as shape, color, or form, that pleases the aesthetic senses, especially the sight.† The definition itself allows anyone to mistakenly interpret the word â€Å"beauty† to determineRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Women s Body1102 Words   |  5 Pagesthe way women’s bodies are portrayed in the media. This also brings about an even greater problem; the manipulation of photographs. The media have perpetuated what is the ideal weight for a woman thus creating pressures for women to be that ideal. Are the media acting ethically by inaccurately portraying women? Should pictures that are altered carry warning labels? One of the biggest media industries to blame for the thin ideal representation of women is the advertising industry. Unlike journalismRead MoreMedia s Influence On Women s Thin Ideal Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pagesthe poor and marginalized. Working as a community to help those around you through the good and bad times. Having special concern for those in need. men and women who will live not for themselves, but for the service to God, to make those that suffer have the support they need in order to get back on their feet. Media s Influence on Women s Thin-Ideal Internalization Sociocultural factors, or in other words, customs, lifestyles and values that characterize a society or group, play a large partRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Women And Its Consequences On The Society1306 Words   |  6 PagesThe media advertisements promote gender stereotypical images and create a negative impact on the society. The advertisements in any form, such as television ads, magazine photos, textual contents or movies, perpetuate the gender inequality and expect different genders to perform in a certain way only. In her article† Hunger as Ideology,† Susan Bordo analyzed several media advertisements and represented how brand promotions have used gender based identity to increase the demand and desire of their

Anti-Trust Practices and Market Power Essay Sample free essay sample

Antimonopoly Policy consists of Torahs and authorities actions designed to forestall monopoly and promote competition. On June 23. 2011. the U. S. Federal Trade Commission initiated an antimonopoly investigation into Google. the world’s largest hunt engine. FTC’s probe entailed a wide investigation into Google’s concern patterns and conditions it was mistreating its hunt power to drive traffic to its ain belongingss over rival sites and services. After a about 20 month high-profile probe. the federal authorities announced on January 3. 2013. that its dropping an â€Å"exhaustive† investigation into Google as it found no grounds the tech giant used unjust tactics to queer viing sites. IntroductionThe Antitrust Laws came into image when merely after the U. S. Civil War ( 1861-1865 ) . local markets widened into national markets because of improved transit installations. mechanized production methods. and sophisticated corporate constructions. And over the following twosome of decennaries. dominant houses formed several industries. including crude oil. meat packing. We will write a custom essay sample on Anti-Trust Practices and Market Power Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page railwaies. sugar. lead. coal. whisky. and baccy. These houses frequently used questionable tactics in consolidating their industries and so charged high monetary values to clients and extracted monetary value grants from resource providers. Consumers accordingly express their anger to elected functionary to â€Å"do something about the situation† . Reacting to that force per unit area. authorities functionaries concluded in the late 1800s and early 1900s that monopolized industries lacked plenty of the beneficiary market forces that in competitory industries help to protect consumers. accomplish just competition. and achieve allocative efficiency. ( Macconnell. Brue. A ; Flynn. 2012 ) Four peculiar pieces of federal statute law. as refined and extended by assorted amendments. represent the basic jurisprudence associating to monopoly construction and behavior. * Sherman Act of 1980 * Clayton Act of 1914* Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914* Celler-Kefauver Act of 1950 Is search elephantine Google excessively dominant? One the recent major instances. that the U. S. Federal Trade Commission investigated for antitrust was Google Inc. Google handles more than two tierces of all web hunts in the U. S. and has captured around 75 % of the moneymaking search-advertising market. harmonizing to eMarketer Inc. and other research houses. ( Efrati A ; Kendall. 2013 ) Google progressively has posted links in hunt consequences that steer users to its ain specialized sites. such as its concern listings. travel-search site or shopping-search site. Detractors including business-review site Yelp Inc. and go sites TripAdvisor Inc. and Expedia Inc. alleged that Google was hogging more and more Web traffic for itself in a command to snag more online-advertising dollars. Yip and others besides complained that Google took content from their sites in order to dwell Google’s business-listings pages and other specialised sites. On June 23. 2011. the U. S. Federal Trade Commission initiated an antimonopoly investigation into Google and after about 20 months of probe. the federal authorities announced on January 3. 2013. that its dropping an â€Å"exhaustive† investigation into Google. The Federal Trade Commission said it found no grounds the tech giant used unjust tactics to queer viing sites. Google escaped the probe without paying a all right. but it will voluntarily alter some of its patterns to be more unfastened to rivals. the FTC said. â€Å"The alterations Google has agreed to do will guarantee that consumers continue to harvest the benefits of competition in the on-line market place and in the market for advanced radio devices they enjoy. † FTC Chairman Jon Leibowitz said. â€Å"This was an improbably thorough and careful probe by the committee. and the result is a strong and enforceable set of understandings. † ( Percha. 2013 ) Consequence of monopoly and oligopoly on Society Monopoly and Oligopoly have chiefly been known to impact the consumers and society in a negative manner so far. However. one of the major advantages of oligopoly is the fact that merely few concerns control the market for merchandises or services to construct big net incomes due to decreased gross revenues costs. Decision Google coming clean out of the FTC probe proves that antimonopoly Torahs exist non to protect rivals but to uphold competition and thereby protect consumers. Bibliography/References Efrati. A. . A ; Kendall. B. ( 2013 ) . Google Dodges Antitrust Hit — FTC Extracts Limited Concessions. Clears Web Giant of ‘Search Bias’ After Probe. The Wall Street Journal. A. 1. Macconnell. C. R. . Brue. S. L. . A ; Flynn. S. M. ( 2012 ) . Economicss: Principles. Problems. And Politics. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Percha. J. ( 2013 ) . FTC Settles Antitrust Investigation of Google. New York: abc World News.

The History of Voting Rights in the United States of America

The United States of America is often regarded as the ideal of universal suffrage by other countries around the world. However, many American politicians and activists still argue that there is still room for changes in some vital areas of the government’s core units.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Voting Rights in the United States of America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Constitutional rights on voting are indeed one of those sectors that have been accorded great concern in the U.S. history (Donald, 1998). As it would be observed, the U.S. Constitution guarantees for overall protection of peoples’ liberties, which are executed through the guideline and requirement of the Bill of Rights. The fundamental right of taking part in the voting exercise, as we all know, offers every American citizen the opportunity to actively take part in the republican form of government within th e states. Definite triumphs are common in the United States nowadays owing to the big concerns that are currently addressed to the overall civil and voting rights. This paper provides an in-depth outline of the history of the voting rights in the U.S. in regard with Constitutional amendments that have been witnessed so far in the sector. More importantly, some of the major challenges to equal and fair voting facing the country at state, federal, and local elections are also discussed in this essay. The issue regarding the provision of civil rights protecting people from the interference of government as well as the provision of those civil rights which guarantees people equal participation in a democratic world has always been a matter of concern to many political scholars and activists. The American voting rights has been a contentious issue in the country’s past. Eligibility to take part in the voting exercise can be determined by both state and Federal law and presently, o nly citizens are eligible to vote in America. This however, has not always been the case. When the U.S. finally achieved its independence in 1776, only one category of people; white, property-owning males would enjoy a massive voice in the government (Bickel, 1966). The franchise was denied to women and all other people of color in the states.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This would actually raise much concern as people started realizing the value of the lacking freedom and slowly, a steady march towards attaining freedom and justice for everyone would begin resulting into major amendments that would see other citizens taking part in the significant exercise. The 14th Amendment to the Federal Constitution was passed in the year 1886, offering the right of citizenship to former slaves and changing them to whole persons of the country (Dinnerstein and Reimers, 1975). Come in 1869, the 15th Amendment was passed allowing the black men to take part in the voting practice. However, most women of all races were still unable to play a role in the exercise. 1869 would also mark the beginning of another era known as ‘Black Codes’ which placed a restriction on the rights and freedom of African Americans in various sectors, among them the freedom to exercise their right to vote. Restriction strategies such as poll taxes, literary tests, economic pressures and threat of physical violence intended to suppress these categories from voting were observed to be common within the Black Codes. This however, was a short-lived practice in the changing world of the U.S. politics and with time, the Constitution would successfully make voting in the U.S. an exercise for all. Initiatives to promote the role of women in the voting exercise can be traced back to the 1770s through the early 1800s. Various conventions and movements advocating for women rights would take place a nd come in 1920, the 19th Amendment to the Constitution would accord women the freedom to take part in the U.S. voting exercise. Some interim changes to immigration and naturalization laws in 1940s and 1950s would also open the practice to some categories but not every Asian Pacific American. The final barriers to minority voting rights in the U.S. ultimately came in the year 1965, following the enactment of the legislation that did not only enforce the 15th Amendment but that would enact a countrywide prohibition on aspects limiting voting rights for minorities across the states. However, regardless of these significant amendments, the American youth still lacked the right to vote and it was not until the passage of the 26th Amendment in July, 1971 when they were able to do so following the reduction of the minimum voting age from 21 to 18 years of age. Today, the American youth just like anybody else have the right to fully appreciate both their duty and right to elect their leade rs and representatives in the government (Fowler, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Voting Rights in the United States of America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, no matter these significant federal legislation and amendments in the U.S. Constitution on the voting rights, there are still some notable challenges to equal and fair execution of the exercise. Among the major challenges is the race/gender issue whereby elective positions, entitlements and other benefits come with one’s status and culture in the class-divided society of America. Unequal and unfair voting practice in the modern U.S. is also likely to result from various attitudes directed towards diverse population where immigrants have limited rights or even no rights at all compared to genuine American citizens. Another big challenge here is that, many people would be opposed to any form of affirmative action simpl y for their belief that it is likely to violate a sense of fairness. These are some of the drawbacks facing fair and equal voting in modern U.S. and this is the time for strong affirmative actions to be undertaken towards correcting such inequalities, for a better America. References Bickel, A. (1966). The Voting Rights Cases. The Supreme Court Review, 1966 (67), 79-102. Dinnerstein, L. and Reimers, D. (1975). Ethnic Americans: A history of immigration and assimilation. History: Reviews of New Books, 4 (1), 17-17. Donald, G. (1998). An Introduction to Arizona History and Government. 6th Ed. New York: Pearson Custom Publishing. Fowler, K. (2007). Deceptive Voting Practices and Voter Intimidation in the Wake of United States v. Charleston County. Charleston L. Rev, 2 (17), 733.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on The History of Voting Rights in the United States of America was written and submitted by user Sentinels to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Samuel Adams

Among those who signed the Declaration of Independence, and were conspicuous in the revolution, there existed, of course, a great diversity of intellectual endowments; nor did all render to their country, in those perilous days, the same important services. Like the luminaries of heavens each contributed his portion of influence; but, like them, they differed, as star differeth from star in glory. But in the constellation of great men, which adorned that era, few shone with more brilliancy, or exercised a more powerful influence than Samuel Adams. This gentleman was born at Quincy, in Massachusetts, September 22d, 1722, in the neighbourhood afterwards rendered memorable as the birth place of Hancock, and as the residence of the distinguished family which has given two presidents to the United States. His descent was from a respectable family, which emigrated to America with the first settlers of the land. In the year 1736, he became a member of Harvard University, where he was distinguished for an uncommon attention to all his collegiate exercises, and for his classical and scientific attainments. On taking the degree of master, in 1743, he proposed the following question, "Whether it be lawful to resist the supreme magistrate, if the commonwealth cannot be otherwise preserved?" He maintained the affirmative; and in this collegiate exercise furnished no dubious evidence of his attachment to the liberties of the people. On leaving the university, he began the study of law, for which profession his father designed him; but at the solicitation of his mother, this pursuit was relinquished, and he became a clerk in the counting house of Thomas Cushing, at that time a distinguished merchant. But his genius was not adapted to mercantile pursuits; and in a short time after commencing business for himself, partly owing to the failure in business of a friend, and partly to injudicious management, he lost the entire capital which ha... Free Essays on Samuel Adams Free Essays on Samuel Adams Among those who signed the Declaration of Independence, and were conspicuous in the revolution, there existed, of course, a great diversity of intellectual endowments; nor did all render to their country, in those perilous days, the same important services. Like the luminaries of heavens each contributed his portion of influence; but, like them, they differed, as star differeth from star in glory. But in the constellation of great men, which adorned that era, few shone with more brilliancy, or exercised a more powerful influence than Samuel Adams. This gentleman was born at Quincy, in Massachusetts, September 22d, 1722, in the neighbourhood afterwards rendered memorable as the birth place of Hancock, and as the residence of the distinguished family which has given two presidents to the United States. His descent was from a respectable family, which emigrated to America with the first settlers of the land. In the year 1736, he became a member of Harvard University, where he was distinguished for an uncommon attention to all his collegiate exercises, and for his classical and scientific attainments. On taking the degree of master, in 1743, he proposed the following question, "Whether it be lawful to resist the supreme magistrate, if the commonwealth cannot be otherwise preserved?" He maintained the affirmative; and in this collegiate exercise furnished no dubious evidence of his attachment to the liberties of the people. On leaving the university, he began the study of law, for which profession his father designed him; but at the solicitation of his mother, this pursuit was relinquished, and he became a clerk in the counting house of Thomas Cushing, at that time a distinguished merchant. But his genius was not adapted to mercantile pursuits; and in a short time after commencing business for himself, partly owing to the failure in business of a friend, and partly to injudicious management, he lost the entire capital which ha...

Teach Skills for Content Reading With Developmental Reading

Teach Skills for Content Reading With Developmental Reading Developmental Reading is the name given to a branch of reading instruction designed to support students in content area classes, such as  social studies, history, and the sciences. Developmental reading programs teach students strategies for engaging content texts, such as textbooks, articles, and resource books that they will encounter in high school and beyond, in higher education settings.   Developmental reading does not address basic reading skills, such as phonemic awareness,  decoding, and vocabulary.   Many community colleges offer developmental reading courses to help students who are not really prepared for the rigors of college-level courses, especially technical textbooks. Strategies for Success in Developmental Reading Often students with disabilities are so overwhelmed by the amount of text they see in their content (social studies, biology, political science, health) classes that they will sometimes just shut down without even looking for information they need.  Their typical peers may never actually read a text since they can often use text features to find the information they need.  Teaching students, especially students with a history of difficulty with text, how to use text features will give them a sense of command over the text and help them read strategically as part of test preparation and study skills. Text Features Helping students recognize and learn to use text features is a foundational part of developmental reading.  Teach students to first scan the text, reading captions and titles and subtitles, and they will be better able to understand and remember the content of the text.   Illustrations:  the pictures, of course.  Photographs: yes, they are photographs rather than illustrations.Maps:  often to be found in social studies texts, and can typically be pivotal to understanding content.Captions:  found under illustrations, photographs, and maps, captions usually label what the student sees, often offering import information for unlocking the meaning.Titles:  tells specifically what the author intends you to find in the chapter or article.Subtitles.  the subtitles show how the author organized the information and can help students find the specific information they need.Index:  in the back. Very important to know how to use it.Glossary:  often word (new content-specific vocabulary,) will be boldfaced in the text, and students need to know that the glossary has a definition. Prediction Getting students to prepare for approaching a text is an important part of success in reading.  SQ3R  was the standard for many years:  Scan, Question, Read, Recite and Review.  In other words, scanning (using text features) was to lead to questions:  What do I know?  What do I want to know?  What do I expect to learn?  Yes, that is prediction!

St. Augustines Views on Sin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

St. Augustines Views on Sin - Essay Example 214)Regarding sin, In Chapter 11 of Book One of Of Sin and Merit, Augustine goes into detail of describing his views on sin. The title of this particular chapter is "Distinction Between Actual and Original Sin." He says: Obviously Augustine believes that through one man's sin, sin has entered the world and it has brought sin upon the entire human race. He makes it clear that he thinks the language is clear as well. Augustine elaborates further upon his view of sin, and how Christ plays a role in that worldview. It also talks about some of the benefits Christians have: Augustine is talking about some very specific positives here about being a Christian that don't have to do with sin except indirectly: that they have a secret communion with Christ; that they are blessed, justified, and have a spiritual grace accorded to them (Knight, 2008, pp. 1). Augustine, first as a Manichean and then as a Christian bishop, had some very interesting ideas about sin. First his notions of sin probably leaned toward good and evil. His later opinions would later be shaped into the doctrine we now have on original sin.